Multiple Ways
Summary:
WCAG 2.4.5, "Multiple Ways," advocates for providing users with more than one way to locate a page within a set of web pages, except where the page is a step in a process. This guideline significantly aids users in finding information efficiently, particularly helpful for those with cognitive disabilities or users new to a site.
What:
The criterion requires that there are multiple ways to find pages on a website, such as a site map, search function, or a list of related pages. This is to ensure users aren't confined to navigating through the site in a linear fashion and can access information using different methods.
Why:
Different users have different preferences and abilities when it comes to navigating a website. Some may prefer to use a search function, others might rely on a site map or navigational menus. Providing multiple ways to locate content caters to these diverse needs, making websites more accessible and user-friendly.
Examples and Scenarios:
- Search Functionality: A search bar allows users to find content by entering keywords or phrases.
- Site Maps: A site map lists all the pages on a website, offering an overview and direct links to different sections.
- Breadcrumb Navigation: Breadcrumb trails show the current page's location within the site hierarchy and allow easy navigation to parent pages.
How to Comply:
- Websites: Incorporate various navigation features like search bars, site maps, breadcrumb trails, or a list of related links. Test these features to ensure they cover different ways users might search for content.
- Mobile Apps: Provide in-app search capabilities, tabbed navigation, or menus that offer different ways to access content.
- Software Applications: Especially for complex applications with multiple features or sections, offer different navigation methods like menus, search functions, or indexes.
Exceptions:
- Single Step in a Process: If the page is part of a sequential process (like a checkout flow), providing multiple ways to find that page might not be necessary or appropriate.
- Very Simple Content: For very simple sites or applications with only a few pages, multiple navigation methods might not add significant value.